The median mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) measurements for the study groups at each of the measured sites (3 cm and 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and proximal esophagus) in the concomitant typical reflux syndrome (CTRS) (Fig. 2A) and isolated laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms (ILPRS) groups (Fig. 2B). MNBI values were lower in patients with pH (+) than those with pH (–) and healthy controls at 3 cm and 5 cm above LES in both the CTRS and ILPRS groups. However, MNBI values were similar over the proximal esophagus among all groups.
Comparison of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and esophagography before and 5 months after diverticular peroral endoscopic myotomy (D-POEM). (A) The diverticular septum had nearly disappeared on EGD after D-POEM. (B) The depth of the diverticulum was estimated to be shallow, and the diverticular neck was widening. The passage of barium was improved on esophagography after D-POEM.
Examples of endoscopic images of the 3 functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) positions within the pylorus. (A) Proximal balloon position: 75% of balloon is in the duodenum and 25% in the antrum, (B) middle balloon position: 50% of balloon in the duodenum and 50% in the antrum, (C) distal balloon position: 25% of balloon in the duodenum and 75% in the antrum. Corresponding FLIP images of the 3 FLIP positions; (D) proximal balloon position, (E) middle balloon position, and (F) distal balloon position.
Lateral view of nutcracker celiac ganglion. NCGAPS, nutcracker ganglion abdominal pain syndrome.
Persistence of probiotic strains according to whole gut transit time (WGTT) subgroups. (A) Kinetics of the average onset and recovery of
J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 29(2): 127~266 
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