Demographic Data and Clinical Features of the Study Population
| Demographic and clinical features | CTRS |
ILPRS |
Healthy controls (n = 23) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MNBI(+) (n = 14) |
MNBI(–) (n = 14) |
MNBI(+) (n = 18) |
MNBI(–) (n = 28) |
|||
| Demography | ||||||
| Age (yr) | 58 (54, 63) |
53 (44, 60) |
57 (51, 60)h | 55 (48, 63)i | 43 (33, 53) | |
| Male gender | 7 (50.0) | 4 (28.5) | 13 (72.2)h | 15 (53.5) | 7 (30.4) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 (23.1, 26.2) |
22.9 (21.0, 24.7) | 23.9 (22.1, 24.8) | 22.8 (20.9, 24.7) | 22.2 (20.8, 23.5) | |
| ENT first visit | 11 (78.5) | 11 (78.5) | 17 (94.4) | 27 (96.4) | - | |
| Clinical presentations | ||||||
| Major laryngeal symptom | ||||||
| Globus sensation | 4 (28.5) | 3 (21.4) | 5 (27.7) | 4 (14.2) | - | |
| Throat pain | 3 (21.4) | 5 (35.7) | 5 (27.7) | 5 (17.8) | - | |
| Hoarseness | 4 (28.5) | 3 (21.4) | 5 (27.7) | 12 (42.8) | - | |
| Cough | 1 (7.1) | 3 (21.4) | 1 (5.6) | 5 (17.8) | - | |
| Throat clearing | 2 (14.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (7.1) | - | |
| Typical GERD symptoms | 14 (100.0) | 14 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - | |
| Symptom duration, month | 36 (24, 57) | 27 (12, 60) | 19 (9, 45) | 12 (6, 24) | - | |
| Previous acid suppressive therapy use | 11 (78.5) | 12 (85.7) | 11 (61.1) | 13 (46.4) | - | |
| Anti-reflux medication response | 2 (18.1) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (27.2) | 6 (46.1) | - | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Hypertension | 3 (21.4) |
1 (7.1) |
3 (16.6)h | 4 (14.2)i | 1 (4.3) | |
| Post nasal drip | 7 (50.0) |
6 (46.1) |
6 (33.3)h | 14 (50)i | 0 (0.0) | |
| Endoscopic findings | ||||||
| Erosion esophagitis | ||||||
| No esophagitis | 1 (7.1) |
3 (21.4) |
3 (16.6)h | 3 (10.7)i | 23 (100.0) | |
| Esophagitis grade A | 11 (78.5) | 10 (71.4) | 13 (72.2) | 24 (85.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Esophagitis grade B | 2 (14.2) | 1 (7.1) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Esophagitis grade C | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Hiatus hernia | 1 (7.1) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Peptic ulcer | 1 (7.1) | 1 (7.1) | 3 (16.6) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (17.3) | |
| Helicobacter pylori | 4 (33.3) | 2 (14.2) | 3 (18.7) | 5 (21.7)i | 8 (36.3) | |
| Reflux Finding Score |
0 (0, 6)j | 0 (0, 0) | 3 (0, 7)j | 0 (0, 0) | - | |
| Patient report outcome | ||||||
| Reflux Symptom Index total score |
19 (13, 22) |
19 (11, 24) |
12 (9, 18)h | 12 (8, 17)i | 0 (0, 3) | |
| Heartburn, frequency |
2 (0, 3) | 3 (1, 5) | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 1) | - | |
| Heartburn, severity |
2 (1, 2) | 3 (2, 4) | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 1) | - | |
| Acid regurgitation, frequency |
3 (2, 4) | 3 (3, 5) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 1) | - | |
| Acid regurgitation, severity |
3 (2, 3) | 3 (3, 4) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | - | |
aConcomitant typical reflux syndrome (CTRS) is defined as regurgitation or heartburn at least twice a week with mild symptoms, or once a week with moderate/severe symptoms.
bIsolated laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms (ILPRS) is defined as patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux without CTRS.
cScores range from 0 to 26, with higher scores suggesting more severe laryngitis.
dScores range from 0 to 45, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms.
eScores range from 0 to 5 for symptom frequency or severity, with higher scores suggesting worse quality of life.
jP < 0.05 for mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI)(+) vs MNBI(–).
fP < 0.05 for CTRS MNBI(+) vs healthy controls.
gP < 0.05 for CTRS MNBI(–) vs healthy controls.
hP < 0.05 for ILPRS MNBI(+) vs healthy controls.
iP < 0.05 for ILPRS MNBI(–) vs healthy controls.
Pearson c2 tests were used for dichotomous variables, whereas Mann–Whitney U tests were used for continuous variables except that t tests were used when age and BMI were expressed as continuous variables (normal distribution).
BMI, body mass index; ENT, ear, nose, and throat; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%).