Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants
| Characteristics | NOVAponin(n = 61) | Placebo(n = 51) (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 8 (13.1) | 18 (35.3) | 0.006 |
| Female | 53 (86.9) | 33 (64.7) | |
| Age (yr) | 52.28 ± 13.34 | 50.69 ± 13.52 | 0.533 |
| Exercise | |||
| No | 24 (39.3) | 15 (29.4) | 0.563 |
| 1-2 times/wk | 17 (27.9) | 14 (27.5) | |
| 3-4 times/wk | 10 (16.4) | 15 (29.4) | |
| 5-6 times/wk | 4 (6.6) | 3 (5.9) | |
| Everyday | 6 (9.8) | 4 (7.8) | |
| Smoking | |||
| Non-smoker | 61 (100.0) | 49 (96.0) | 0.205 |
| Ex-smoker | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Smoker | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Degree of stress | |||
| Nothing at all | 5 (8.2) | 5 (9.8) | 0.633 |
| A little bit | 44 (72.1) | 32 (62.8) | |
| A lot of | 10 (16.4) | 10 (19.6) | |
| Ton | 2 (3.3) | 4 (7.8) | |
| Beverages containing Caffeine (U/day) | 1.66 ± 1.00 | 1.39 ± 1.11 | 0.125 |
| Chocolate (U/day) | 0.10 ± 0.35 | 0.12 ± 0.38 | 0.987 |
| Regularity of eating | |||
| Regular | 40 (65.6) | 34 (66.7) | 0.903 |
| Not regular | 21 (34.4) | 17 (33.3) | |
| Time taken to eat one meal | |||
| Within 10 min | 9 (14.8) | 8 (15.7) | 0.075 |
| 10 to 20 min | 34 (55.7) | 38 (74.5) | |
| 20 to 30 min | 12 (19.7) | 4 (7.8) | |
| More than 30 min | 6 (9.8) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Frequency of overeating | |||
| Less than 3 times/wk | 49 (80.3) | 42 (82.4) | 0.785 |
| 3 or more times/wk | 12 (19.7) | 9 (17.6) | |
| Alcohol drinking | |||
| No (never drink) | 18 (29.5) | 15 (29.4) | 0.912 |
| No (no drink) | 9 (14.8) | 9 (17.6) | |
| Yes | 34 (55.7) | 27 (53.0) | |
| A period of abstinence (mo) | 30.67 ± 65.09 | 27.22 ± 25.38 | 0.339 |
| Average alcohol consumption (U) | 2.36 ± 2.05 | 2.44 ± 1.97 | 0.699 |
A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD.