Fig. 2. Manometric parameters of esophageal primary peristalsis after codeine and placebo adminstration in patients with ineffective esophageal motility. (A) Effects of acute administration of codeine on the distal contractile integral (DCI) of esophageal primary peristalsis. The DCI was significantly higher after codeine compared to the value after placebo. (B) Effects of acute administration of codeine on distal latency (DL) of esophageal primary peristalsis. The DL was significantly lower after codeine compared with the DL after placebo. (C) Effects of acute administration of codeine on the total break length of esophageal primary peristalsis. The total break length of esophageal peristalsis was significantly lower after codeine treatment compared with the length after placebo. (D) Effects of acute administration of codeine on the esophagogastric junction–contractile integral (EGJ-CI) of esophageal primary peristalsis. Codeine significantly increased the EGJ-CI of esophageal peristalsis was significantly higher after codeine treatment compared with the EGJ-CI after placebo treatment.
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