Fig. 5. Effect of berberine and rifaximin on microbial gene functions. (A) Principal coordinate analysis of the enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. (B) Comparison of significantly enriched KEGG pathways between the berberine- and rifaximin-treated groups. (C) Enrichment of pathways involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. (D-E) Correlation between the relative abundance of Lachnoclostridium and Faecalibacterium and the proportion of sequences of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. GH, germ-free (GF) rats receiving fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy control, n = 5; GI, GF rats receiving FMT from irritable bowel syndrome patients, n = 8; GIBBR, GI rats receiving berberine treatment, n = 8; GIR, GI rats receiving rifaximin treatment, n = 7; PGN, peptidoglycan. ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.
© J Neurogastroenterol Motil
