Fig. 5. Outcomes of quantitative polymerase chain reaction for expression of mRNA in circular smooth muscle (CSM) for smooth muscle marker genes (α-smooth muscle actin [SMA], transgelin [SM22], smoothelin [SMOO], and myosin heavy chain 11 [MYH]), type I collagen (COL1) and type III collagen (COL3) and the enteric neurotrophin GDNF, expressed per patient vs control. *P < 0.05 increased relative to control; #P < 0.05 decreased relative to control.
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