Fig. 3. Effects of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD) treatment in the human colon segment. Similar to the results for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the contractility of the colonic segments was also reduced after the administration of 1.5 mM β-NAD in both the right (A) and left colon (C). The frequency in the right colonic segment significantly decreased after 1.5 mM β-NAD administration in the circular muscle (CM) and longitudinal muscle (LM) (B). In the left colonic segment, the amplitude, frequency, and area under the curve (AUC) significantly decreased after the administration of 1.5 mM β-NAD (D). Control, before 1.5 mM β-NAD; Amp, amplitude after 1.5 mM β-NAD; Freq, frequency after 1.5 mM β-NAD; AUC, area under the curve after 1.5 mM β-NAD; Rt, right; Lt, left. *P < 0.05.
© J Neurogastroenterol Motil
