Comparison of Results of Previous Studies Examining Anorectal Function in Healthy Cohort
| Variable | Gender | Rao et al,13 1999 | Kritasampan et al,27 2004 | Gruppo et al,29 2010 | Gundling et al,26 2010 | Otto et al,25 2013 | Carrington et al,24 2014 | Lee et al,28 2014 | Present study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 45 | 30 | 52 | 146 | 30 | 115 | 54 | 93 | |
| Manometry type | Conventional | Conventional | Conventional | Conventional | Conventional | High resolution | High resolution | High resolution | |
| System type | Water perfused | Water perfused | Water perfused | Water perfused | Water perfused | Solid state | Solid state | Water perfused | |
| Age | M F |
40 (22-68) 44 (24-71) |
32.9 ± 13.2 31.2 ± 6.6 |
48 ± 13 49 ± 14 |
64 (22-90) 64 (23-88) |
25 (21-30) | 32 (21-72) 45 (18-68) |
37.5 (20.0-67.0) | 39 (18-74) 37 (15-64) |
| Anal canal length(cm) | M F |
4.0 (3.8-4.2) 3.6 (3.4-3.8) |
3.2 ± 0.7 2.5 ± 0.7 |
3.6 (3.0-4.0) 3.5 (3.3-4.0) |
3.8 (2.4-5.3) 3.4 (1.6-6.0) |
2.5 (1.1-3.8) 1.5 (1-3.2) |
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| Anal resting pressure (mmHg) | M F |
72 (64-80) 65 (56-74) |
57.4 ± 16.7 52.8 ± 13.4 |
84 (72-93) 74 (60-85) |
67 (30-142) 64 (17-126) |
72.3 ± 13.7 69.8 ± 14.5 |
67 (38-136) 63 (25-111) |
46 (39-56) 32 (24-42) |
88 (33-132) 94 (48-117) |
| Maximum anal squeeze pressure (mmHg) | M F |
193 (175-211) 143 (124-162) |
216.1 ± 75.3 110.5 ± 41.3 |
225 (207-279) 174 (138-196) |
201 (69-413) 151 (64-418) |
293.5 ± 97.3 180.8 ± 43.5 |
268 (94-732) 221 (76-503) |
178 (140-212) 75 (61-89) |
165 (90-377) 147 (83-259) |
| Duration of squeeze (sec) | M F |
32 (26-38) 24 (20-28) |
26 (24-27) 26 (24-28) |
19 (3-30) 6 (2-30) |
38 (17-84) 39 (12-68) |
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| Simulated evacuation without rectal distention | |||||||||
| Maximum rectal pressure | M F |
68 (58-78) 63 (54-72) |
77 (20-140) 57 (18-200) |
69 (44-98) 37 (27-51) |
70 (34-133) 54 (26-117) |
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| Anal residual pressure | M F |
49 (35-63) 40 (32-48) |
57 (20-104) 43 (12-110) |
26 (13-55) 19 (10-35) |
82 (36-170) 63 (18-100) |
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| Rectoanal pressure gradient | M F |
30 (5-66) 16 (5-30) |
–6 (–78-66) 6 (–39-51) |
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| Anal relaxation % | M F |
43 (30-56) 34 (25-43) |
21 (0-60) 23 (0-83) |
16 (0-82) 30 (0-75) |
16 (–38-53) 42 (–24-80) |
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| Simulated evacuation with rectal distention | |||||||||
| Maximum rectal pressure | M F |
53 (31-77) 33 (25-41) |
70 (40-258) 62 (15-129) |
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| Anal residual pressure | M F |
30 (12-48) 16 (11-28) |
66 (9-163) 51 (8-99) |
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| Rectoanal pressure gradient | M F |
29 (1-46) 11 (6-20) |
5 (−79-203) 11 (−41-64) |
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| Anal relaxation % | M F |
24 (−58-−83) 46 (10-92) |
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| Rectal sensation | |||||||||
| First sensation | M F |
20 (15-25) 19 (15-23) |
14.7 ± 5.1 13.1 ± 4.8 |
30 (20-50) 30 (21-40) |
40 (10-100) 35 (10-100) |
42.4 ± 26.1 32.6 ± 11.7 |
10 (10-20) 10 (10-20) |
40 (10-170) 30 (10-80) |
|
| Desire to defecate | M F |
109 (85-134) 103 (83-123) |
31.8 ± 12.4 32.3 ± 13 |
80 (60-100) 70 (60-80) |
120 (50-200) 90 (45-200) |
105.2 ± 33.9 101.4 ± 22.3 |
80 (60-120) 60 (50-70) |
105 (40-250) 90 (50-170) |
|
| Maximum tolerable volume | M F |
249 (223-275) 230 (205-255) |
164.1 ± 44.2 108.5 ± 44.1 |
170 (120-180) 150 (117-155) |
195.0 ± 48.3 163.9 ± 37 |
130 (110-178) 115 (98-153) |
160 (80-310) 140 (80-270) |
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| Balloon expulsion time (sec) | M F |
15 (5-50) 15 (10-30) |
60 (14-90) 49 (22-65) |
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M, male; F, female.
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or mean (SD).