Study Participants and Clinical Characteristics
| Variables | N = 193 |
|---|---|
| Female sex | 134 (69.4) |
| Age (yr) | 48.5 ± 13.6 (19-75) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.29 ± 3.59 (16.04-36.85) |
| Smoking/drinking habits | |
| Current smoker | 22 (11.4) |
| Alcohol user |
32 (16.6) |
| Coffee user |
19 (9.8) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (6.7) |
| Hypertension | 26 (13.5) |
| Chronic lung/heart disease | 9 (4.7) |
| Osteoporosis | 12 (6.2) |
| Other chronic disease |
17 (8.8) |
| Symptom onset | |
| < 6 mo | 73 (37.8) |
| 7 mo-1 yr | 27 (14.0) |
| 1-2 yr | 21 (10.9) |
| 2-5 yr | 28 (14.5) |
| > 5 yr | 44 (22.8) |
| Global severity grade | |
| No or mild | 57 (29.5) |
| Moderate | 79 (40.9) |
| Severe or very severe | 57 (29.5) |
aAlcohol user: intake of ≥ 24 g alcohol at least 2 times per week or more.
bCoffee user: intake of ≥ 3 cups of coffee per day.
cChronic disease: thyroid disease, hepatitis, Behcet’s disease, or hyperlipidemia.
BMI, body mass index.
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD (range).