Fig. 3. The effect of the antagonists on gastric emptying rate, gastric contractions, and ileal contractions. (A) Gastric emptying rate of saline (mL/5 min) in rats fed with normal diet (ND; n = 8) or high-fat diet (HFD; n = 8). After intraperitoneal (IP) injection with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) antagonist (exendin), cholecystokinin 1 (CCK-1) antagonist (devazepide), CCK-2 antagonist (YM022), or vehicle (saline/dimethyl sulfoxide), saline or nesfatin-1 (NES-1; 5 pmol/rat) was administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV), *P < 0.05 compared to ICV saline-treated group, #P < 0.05, compared to ICV NES-1 + IP vehicle-treated group; (B) Representative peak contractions in response to the submaximal dose of carbachol (CCh), recorded from the gastric strips of rats fed with ND or HFD; (C) The average peak contractions of gastric strips in response to the submaximal dose of CCh with the absence or presence of NES-1, exendin, devazepide, YM022, or vehicle in the organ bath, *P < 0.05, compared to ND-fed groups; (D) Representative peak contractions in response to the submaximal dose of CCh, recorded from the ileal strips of rats fed with ND or HFD; (E) The average peak contractions of ileal strips in response to the submaximal dose of CCh with the absence or presence of NES-1, exendin, devazepide, YM022, or vehicle in the organ bath, ***P < 0.001, compared to ND-fed groups.
© J Neurogastroenterol Motil
