Characteristics of Included Studies
| Authors | n | Male (n) | Age (mean, yr) | Region of study | Outcome measures |
Type of outcome | GERD subtype I (n) | GERD subtype II | PPI | Prokinetic | Treatment duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yamashita et al,26 2019 | 70 | 33 | PPI: 70.0 PPI + Prokinetic: 63.0 |
Eastern (Japan) | Overall treatment effect | Binary | NERD: 55 ERD: 15 |
Refractory GERD | NA | Acotimide 100 mg tid | 2 wk |
| Xiao and Mao,32 2019 | 90 | 53 | PPI: 39.9 PPI + Prokinetic: 40.6 |
Eastern (China) | RDQ | Continuous | NA | Non-refractory GERD | Omeprazole 20 mg bid | Mosapride 5 mg tid | 12 wk |
| Sirinawasatien and Kantathavorn,33 2019 | 44 | 13 | PPI: 53.1 PPI + Prokinetic: 49.2 |
Eastern (Thailand) | FSSG | Continuous | NA | Refractory GERD | Omeprazole20 mg qd | Mosapride 5 mg tid | 4 wk |
| Puranik et al,27 2018 | 80 | 55 | NA | Eastern (India) | FSSG | Continuous | NA | Non-refractory GERD | Pantoprazole 40 mg qd | Domperidone 30 mg qd | 2 wk |
| Marakhouski et al,28 2017 | 100 | 27 | PPI: 47.1 PPI + Prokinetic: 45.7 |
Western (Belarus) | GERD-Q | Binary | NA | Non-refractory GERD | Omeprazole 20 mg bid | Domperidone 30 mg bid | 8 wk |
| Lee et al,29 2017 | 116 | 78 | PPI: 55.8 PPI + Prokinetic: 54.9 |
Eastern (Korea) | Total GERD symptom score | Binary | ERD: 116 | Non-refractory GERD | Esomeprazole 40 mg qd | Mosapride 5 mg tid | 8 wk |
| Shaheen et al,19 2015 | 240 | 94 | PPI: 46.2 PPI + Prokinetic: 49.2 |
Western (USA) | GERD-Q | Binary | NA | Refractory GERD | NA | Revexepride0.5 mg tid | 8 wk |
| Tack et al,20 2015 | 60 | 25 | PPI: 45.8 PPI + Prokinetic: 43.8 |
Western(European countries) | PAGI-SYM | Continuous | NA | Refractory GERD | NA | Revexepride0.5 mg tid | 4 wk |
| Yamaji et al,21 2014 | 50 | 13 | PPI: 61.7 PPI + Prokinetic: 65.0 |
Eastern (Japan) | FSSG | Continuous | NA | Non-refractory GERD | Omeprazole10 mg qd | Mosapride 5 mg tid | 4 wk |
| Wang,30 2014 | 116 | NA | NA | Eastern (China) | GERD-Q | Binary | NA | Non-refractory GERD | Esomeprazole 20 mg bid | Mosapride 10 mg tid | 8 wk |
| Cho,22 2013 | 43 | 24 | PPI: 43.0 PPI + Prokinetic: 49.0 |
Eastern (Korea) | Reflux-symptoms questionnaire | Binary | NA | Non-refractory GERD | Esomeprazole 40 mg qd | Mosapride 5 mg tid | 4 wk |
| Lim,31 2013 | 30 | 16 | PPI: 53.3 PPI + Prokinetic: 48.5 |
Eastern (Korea) | Questionnaires about gastroesophageal reflux symptoms | Continuous | NA | Non-refractory GERD | Pantoprazole 40 mg qd | Mosapride 5 mg tid | 8 wk |
| Ndraha,23 2011 | 60 | 20 | PPI: 40.4 PPI + Prokinetic: 44.3 |
Eastern (Indonesia) | FSSG | Continuous | NA | Non-refractory GERD | Omeprazole 20 mg bid | Domperidone 10 mg bid | 2 wk |
| Miwa,10 2011 | 192 | 72 | PPI: 52.2 PPI + Prokinetic: 52.1 |
Eastern (Japan) | Patient’s reflux symptoms | Binary | NERD:192 | Non-refractory GERD | Omeprazole10 mg qd | Mosapride 5 mg tid | 4 wk |
| Hsu et al,24 2010 | 94 | 48 | PPI: 47.0 PPI + Prokinetic: 47.0 |
Eastern (Taiwan) | FSSG | Binary | ERD:94 | Non-refractory GERD | Lansoprazole30 mg qd | Mosapride 5 mg tid | 8 wk |
| Madan et al,25 2004 | 61 | 40 | PPI: 34.7 PPI + Prokinetic: 36.5 |
Eastern (India) | Patient’s reflux symptoms | Binary | ERD:32 NERD: 29 |
Non-refractory GERD | Pantoprazole 40 mg bid | Mosapride 5 mg tid | 8 wk |
GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; NERD, non-erosive reflux disease; ERD, erosive reflux disease; RDQ, reflux disease questionnaire; FSSG, frequency scale for the symptom of GERD; GERD-Q, gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire; PAGI-SYM, patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal symptom severity index; NA, not available; qd, once a day; bid, twice a day; tid, 3 times a day.