Fig. 1. Interaction among gut microbiota, enteroendocrine cells, immune cells, and enteric nervous system (ENS). SCFA, short-chain fatty acid; FA, fatty acid; GPR, G protein-coupled receptor; TLR, toll-like receptor; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; PYY, peptide YY; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; CCK, cholecystokinin; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/gastric inhibitory polypeptide; -R, receptor.
© J Neurogastroenterol Motil
